The college-level biology course at Government Khawaja Rafique Shaheed College covers essential biological principles, emphasizing cellular biology, genetics, evolution, and ecology. This course is designed to provide students with a strong foundation in scientific concepts, critical thinking, and practical skills. Students can access video lectures online, enabling flexible learning to support their studies and deepen their understanding of biology.
Curriculum
- 11 Sections
- 190 Lessons
- 28 Weeks
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- Chapter 01 Introduction23
- 1.11 – What is Life?
- 1.22a – Branches of Biology – Part 1
- 1.32b – Branches of Biology – Part 2
- 1.42c – Branches of Biology – Part 3
- 1.53a – Levels of Biological Organization – Atoms
- 1.63b- Biological Organization – Molecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissues
- 1.73c – Levels of Biological Organization – Organs, Organ Systems, Individual
- 1.83d – Levels of Biological Organization – Population, Community, Ecosystem
- 1.93e – Levels of Biological Organization – Biome, Biosphere & Biodiversity
- 1.104 – Living World in Time
- 1.115a – Biological Method – Observations
- 1.125b – Biological Method – Hypothesis and Reasoning
- 1.135c – Biological Method – Theory and Law
- 1.146a – Biology in the Service of Mankind – Early Humans & Farming
- 1.156b – Biology in the Service of Mankind – Artificial Selection
- 1.166c – Biology in the Service of Mankind – Genetic Engineering
- 1.177a – Biology In the Service of Mankind – Controlling Crop Pests
- 1.187b – Biology in Service of Mankind – Growing and Preserving Food
- 1.198a – Biology In Service of Mankind – Diseases – Prevention & Vaccination
- 1.208b – Biology In Service of Mankind – Diseases – Treatment of Diseases
- 1.219a – Biology In Service of Mankind – Conservation of Environment – Part 1
- 1.229b – Biology In Service of Mankind – Conservation of Environment – Part 2
- 1.239c – Biology In Service of Mankind – Conservation of Environment – Part 3
- Chapter 02 Biological Molecules19
- 2.01 – Introduction to Biochemistry
- 2.12 – Importance of Carbon
- 2.23 – Importance of Water
- 2.34 – Carbohydrates – General Introduction
- 2.45 – Carbohydrates – Monosaccharides
- 2.56 – Carbohydrates – Oligosaccharides
- 2.67 – Carbohydrates – Polysaccharides
- 2.78 – Lipids – General Properties and Fatty Acids
- 2.89 – Lipids – Types of Lipids
- 2.910 – Proteins – General Properties and Amino Acids
- 2.1011 – Proteins – Globular and Fibrous Proteins
- 2.1112 – Proteins – Primary Structure
- 2.1213 – Proteins – Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structure
- 2.1314 – Nucleic Acids – General Introduction
- 2.1415 – Nucleic Acids – Discovery of Structure of DNA
- 2.1516 – Nucleic Acids – Structure and Function of DNA
- 2.1617 – Nucleic Acids – RNA and its types
- 2.1718 – Conjugated Molecules
- 2.18Review of Chapter 2 (Biological Molecules) in 40 Minutes
- Chapter 3 Enzyme6
- Chapter 4 The Cell17
- 4.01a – Discovery of Cell and its Structure
- 4.11b – Cell Theory
- 4.22 – Studying Cells
- 4.32b – Types of Cells
- 4.43 – Structure and Function of Plasma Membrane
- 4.54 – Structure and Function of Cell Wall
- 4.65 – Cytoplasm
- 4.76 – Structure and Function of Endoplasmic Reticulum
- 4.87 – Structure and Function of Ribosomes
- 4.98 – Structure and Function of Golgi Complex
- 4.109 – Lysosomes
- 4.1110 – Peroxisomes, Glyoxisomes, Vacuole
- 4.1211 – Cytoskeleton and Centrioles
- 4.1312 – Structure and Function of Mitochondria
- 4.1413 – Structure, Function and Types of Plastids
- 4.1514 – Nucleus, Chromatin, Chromosomes, Nucleolus and Nuclear Pores
- 4.1615 – Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Chapter 5 Variety of Life15
- 5.01 – Importance and Need of Classification
- 5.12 – Species and Levels of Classification
- 5.23 – Binomial Nomenclature
- 5.34 – Two to Five Kingdom Classification Systems
- 5.45 – Prions
- 5.56 – Discovery of Viruses
- 5.67 – Characteristics of Viruses
- 5.78 – Discovery and Characteristics of Bacteriophage
- 5.89 – Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophage
- 5.910 – Common Viral Diseases
- 5.1011 – Retroviruses and their Characteristics
- 5.1112 – Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
- 5.1213 – Life Cycle of HIV
- 5.1314 – Hepatitis Viruses
- 5.1415 – Complete Review of Chapter 5 (Tree of Life) in 47 Minutes
- Chapter 06 Kingdom Prokaryote18
- 6.01 – Contribution of Leuwenhoek and Louis Pasteur in Microbiology
- 6.12 – Contribution of Robert Koch – Germ Theory of Diseases
- 6.23 – Occurrence and Size of Bacteria
- 6.34 – Shape of Bacterial Cell
- 6.45 – Flagella and Pili in Bacteria
- 6.56 – Capsule, Slime and Cell Wall in Bacteria
- 6.67 – Plasma Membrane, Nucleoid and Plasmids in Bacteria
- 6.78 – Ribosomes, Mesosomes, Granules, Spores, and Cysts in bacteria
- 6.89 – Nutrition and Respiration in Bacteria
- 6.910 – Growth and Reproduction in Bacteria
- 6.1011 – Ecological and Economic Importance of Bacteria
- 6.1112 – Control of Bacteria – Physical Control Methods
- 6.1213 – Control of Bacteria – Chemical and Chemotherapeutic Control
- 6.1314 – Vaccination and Immunization
- 6.1415 – Use and Misuse of Antibiotics
- 6.1516 – Characteristics of Cyanobacteria
- 6.1617 – Economic Importance of Cyanobacteria
- 6.1718 – Characteristics of Nostoc
- Chapter 07 Kingdom Protista6
- Chapter 08 Kingdom Fungi12
- 8.01 – Characteristics of Fungi
- 8.12 – Nutrition in Fungi – Saprotrophic, Parasitic, Predatory Fungi
- 8.23 – Nutrition in Fungi – Mutualistic Fungi
- 8.34 – Asexual Reproduction in Fungi
- 8.45 – Sexual Reproduction in Fungi
- 8.56 – Conjugating Fungi – Zygomycota
- 8.67 – Sac Fungi – Ascomycota
- 8.78 – Club Fungi – Basidiomycota
- 8.89 – Imperfect Fungi – Deuteromycota
- 8.910 – Habitat and Land Adaptations of Fungi
- 8.1011 – Importance of Fungi – Economic Gains due to Fungi
- 8.1112 – Importance of Fungi – Economic Losses due to Fungi
- Chapter 09 Kingdom Plantae27
- 9.01 – Introduction to Plant Kingdom
- 9.12 – Introduction to Bryophyta – General Characteristics
- 9.23 – Introduction to Byrophyta – General Alternation of Generation
- 9.34 – Advantages of Alternation of Generation in Bryophytes
- 9.45 – Adaptations to Land Habitat in Bryophytes
- 9.56 – Classification of Bryophytes – Hepaticopsida
- 9.67 – Classification of Bryophytes – Bryopsida
- 9.78 – Classification of Bryophytes – Anthoceropsida
- 9.89 – Alternation of Generation in Bryophyta
- 9.910 – Classification of Tracheophyta – Psilopsida
- 9.1011 – Evolution of Leaves in Plants
- 9.1112 – Classification of Tracheophyta – Lycopsida and Sphenopsida
- 9.1213 – Classification of Tracheophyta – Pteropsida – Class Filicinae
- 9.1314 – Class Filicinae – Characteristics of Adiantum, Maiden Hair Fern
- 9.1415 – Class Filicinae – Life Cycle of Adiantum
- 9.1516 – Evolution of Seed Habit
- 9.1617 – Pteropsida – Class Gymnospermae – Life Cycle of Pine Tree
- 9.1718 – Pteropsida – Class Angiospermae – Double Fertilization
- 9.1819 – Class Angiospermae – Differences between Monocots and Dicots
- 9.1920 – Class Angiospermae – Family Rosaceae Part 1
- 9.2021 – Class Angiospermae – Family Rosaceae Part 2
- 9.2122 – Class Angiospermae – Family Solanaceae
- 9.2223 – Class Angiospermae – Family Fabaceae
- 9.2324 – Class Angiospermae – Family Caesalpiniaceae
- 9.2425 – Class Angiospermae – Family Mimosaceae
- 9.2526 – Class Angiospermae – Family Poaceae – General Characteristics
- 9.2627 – Class Angiospermae – Family Poaceae – Economic Importance
- Chapter 10 Kingdom Animalia31
- 10.01 – Characteristics and Classification of Animals (Part 1)
- 10.12 – Characteristics and Classification of Animals (Part 2)
- 10.23 – Characteristics and Classification of Animals (Part 3)
- 10.34 – Phylum Porifera – General Characteristics
- 10.45 – Phylum Porifera – Reproduction and Economic Importance
- 10.56 – Phylum Cnidaria (Part 1)
- 10.67 – Phylum Cnidaria (Part 2)
- 10.78 – Phylum Platyhelminthes (Part 1)
- 10.89 – Phylum Platyhelminthes (Part 2)
- 10.910 – Phylum Nematoda (Part 1)
- 10.1011 – Phylum Nematoda (Part 2)
- 10.1112 – Phylum Annelida (Part 1)
- 10.1213 – Phylum Annelida (Part 2)
- 10.1314 – Phylum Mollusca – General Characteristics
- 10.1415 – Phylum Mollusca – Classification
- 10.1516 – Phylum Arthropoda – General Characteristics
- 10.1617 – Phylum Arthropoda – Organs and Organ Systems
- 10.1718 – Phylum Arthropoda – Classes of Arthropoda
- 10.1819 – Phylum Arthropoda – Economic Gains and Losses from Arthropoda
- 10.1920 – Phylum Echinodermata – Part 1
- 10.2021 – Phylum Echinodermata – Part 2
- 10.2122 – Phylum Hemichordata
- 10.2223 – Phylum Chordata – Classification
- 10.2324 – Phylum Chordata – Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Vertebrata
- 10.2425 – Phylum Chordata – Pices – Cyclostoma and Chondrichthyes
- 10.2526 – Phylum Chordata – Pices – Osteichthyes
- 10.2627 – Superclass Tetrapoda – How Animals Adapted for Land Habitat
- 10.2728 – Superclass Tetrapoda – Class Amphibia
- 10.2829 – Superclass Tetrapoda – Class Reptilia
- 10.2930 – Superclass Tetrapoda – Class Aves
- 10.3031 – Superclass Tetrapoda – Class Mammalia
- Chapter 11 Bioenergetics16
- 11.01 – Bioenergetics
- 11.12 – Photosynthesis – Role of Water in Photosynthesis
- 11.23 – Photosynthesis – Chloroplasts and Photosynthetic Pigments
- 11.34 – Photosynthesis – Chlorophylls and Carotenoids
- 11.45 – Photosynthesis – Action Spectrum and Role of Carbon Dioxide
- 11.56 – Photosynthesis – Light Dependent and Independent Reactions
- 11.67 – Photosynthesis – Light Dependent Reactions – Photosystems
- 11.78 – Photosynthesis – Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation – Z Scheme
- 11.89 – Photosynthesis – Cyclic Photophosphorylation – Chemiosmosis
- 11.910 – Photosynthesis – Light Independent Reactions (Part 1)
- 11.1011 – Photosynthesis – Light Independent Reactions (Part 2)
- 11.1112 – Cellular Respiration – Fermentation
- 11.1213 – Cellular Respiration – Role of Mitochondria and ATP
- 11.1314 – Cellular Respiration – Glycolysis
- 11.1415 – Cellular Respiration – Krebs Cycle
- 11.1516 – Cellular Respiration – Respiratory Electron Transport Chain
