Statement

It states that “The frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population‟s gene pool remain constant over the generations unless acted upon by agents other than sexual recombination.

So shuffling of alleles due to meiosis and random fertilization has no effect on the overall genetic structure of a population.” Calculations A general formula, called the Hardy-Weinberg equation is used for calculating the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in populations at equilibrium.

For Allelic Frequencies.

 For a gene locus where only two alleles occur in a population,

 Population geneticists use the letter p to represent the frequency of one allele and the letter q to represent the frequency of the other allele.

In the imaginary wildflower population,

 p = 0.8

 q = 0.2.

Note that p+q=1;

The combined frequencies of all possible alleles must account for 100% of the genes for that locus in the population. If there are only two alleles and we know the frequency of one, the frequency of other can be calculated:

For Genotypic Frequencies When gametes combine their alleles to form zygotes,

 For Dominant Homozygous.

The probability of generating an AA genotype is . In the wildflower population,

p=0.8, and the probability of an A sperm fertilizing an A ovum to produce an AA zygote.

 For recessive Homozygous.

The frequency of individuals homozygous of the other allele (aa) is ,or 0.2×0.2=0.04 for the wildflower population.

 For Heterozygous. T

here are two ways in which an Aa genotype can arise, depending on which parent contributes the dominant allele.