12 Biology By Amjad Umer Ranjha
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- 12 Biology By Amjad Umer Ranjha
Curriculum
- 7 Sections
- 109 Lessons
- 20 Weeks
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- Chapter 15 Homoestatis21
- 1.01 – Concept of Homeostasis
- 1.12 – Osmoregulation
- 1.23 – Osmoregulation in Plants
- 1.34 – Osmoregulation in Animals
- 1.45 – Excretion In Plants
- 1.56 – Excretion In Animals
- 1.67 – Nature of Excretory Products in Relation to Habitat in Animals
- 1.78 – Excretion in Hydra and Planaria, Excretion in Animals
- 1.89 – Excretion in Earthworm, Excretion in Invertebrate Animals
- 1.910 – Excretion in Cockroach, Excretion in Invertebrate Animals
- 1.1011 – Excretion in Vertebrates, Excretory Products in Man
- 1.1112 – Excretory Organs in Man
- 1.1213 – Human Urinary System
- 1.1314 – Nephron Structure and Function
- 1.1415 – Concentration of Excretory Products, Counter Current Multiplier, Hormonal Control
- 1.1516 – Kidney Problems and their Cures, Kidney Stones, Kidney Failure, Cures
- 1.1617 – Thermoregulation in Plants, Thermoregulation, Homeostasis
- 1.1718 – Mechanisms of Thermoregulation in Animals, Thermoregulation
- 1.1819 – Regulation of Heat Exchange b/w Animals and Environment
- 1.1920 – Thermoregulation in Mammals
- 1.2021 – Thermostat Function and Feedback Control in Humans and Pyrexia
- Chapter 16 Support and Movement30
- 2.01 – Support in Plants
- 2.12 – Significance of Secondary Growth
- 2.23 – Plant Movements Part 1
- 2.34 – Paratonic Movements Plant Movements Part 2
- 2.45 – Role of Growth Substances in Plant Movements
- 2.56 – Hydrostatic Skeleton
- 2.67 – Exoskeleton and its Types
- 2.78 – Some Major Functions of Skeletal Systems
- 2.89 – Endoskeleton
- 2.910 – Human Skeleton
- 2.1011 – Joints in Human Body, Endoskeleton
- 2.1112 – Deformities of Skeleton,
- 2.1213 – Repair of Broken Bones
- 2.1314 – Muscles, Cardiac and Smooth Muscles
- 2.1415 – Structure of Muscle, Skeletal Muscle
- 2.1516 – Sliding Filament Model of Muscle Contraction
- 2.1617 – Energy for Muscle Contraction, Effect of Exercise on Muscles
- 2.1718 – Muscles Disorders, Fatigue, Tetany, Tetanus, Cramp
- 2.1819 – Arrangement of Skeletal Muscles for the Movement of Skeleton
- 2.1920 – Locomotion in Euglena, Locomotion in Protists and Invertebrates
- 2.2021 – Locomotion in Paramecium
- 2.2122 – Locomotion in Amoeba and Jellyfish
- 2.2223 – Locomotion in Earthworm
- 2.2324 – Locomotion in Cockroach, Snail and Starfish
- 2.2425 – Locomotion in Fishes
- 2.2526 – Locomotion in Amphibians
- 2.2627 – Locomotion in Reptiles
- 2.2728 – Locomotion in Birds
- 2.2829 – Locomotion in Mammals
- 2.2930 – Arrangement of Bones & Mode of Locomotion in Vertebrate
- Chapter 18 Reproduction12
- 3.01 – Sexual and asexual Reproduction
- 3.12 – Reproduction in Plants | Alternation of Generation | Life Cycles of Bryophytes, Gymno & Angiosperms
- 3.23 – Parthenocarpy | Seed Dormancy | Fruit Set and Fruit Ripening
- 3.34 – Photoperiodism | SDPs | LDPs | DNPs | Role of Phytochromes
- 3.45 – Sexual Reproduction in Animals | Fertilization | Development | Oviparous Viviparous Ovoviviparous
- 3.56 – Vernalisataion | Parthenogenesis | Apomixis | Asexual Reproduction in Animals
- 3.67 – Female Reproductive System | Oogenesis
- 3.78 – Female Reproductive Cycle
- 3.89 – Male Reproductive System | Spermatogenesis in Human | Reproduction in Man
- 3.910 – Birth | Birth Process in Humans | Pregnancy and Birth
- 3.1011 – Tissue Culturing | Cloning | Identical Twins | Fraternal Twins
- 3.1112 – Test Tube Babies and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
- Chapter 19 Growth and Development10
- 4.01 – Growth and Development in Plants | Types of Meristems
- 4.12 – Differentiation in Plants and Growth Correlations | Apical Dominance
- 4.23 – Conditions of Growth | External and Internal Factors for Growth
- 4.34 – Chick Development | Cleavage | Morulla | Blastulla | Gastrulla | Neurulla | Animal Development
- 4.45 – Mechanisms of Development | Spemann’s Experiments | Morphogenetic Determinants
- 4.56 – Role of Cytoplasm in Development | Role of Nucleus in Development |
- 4.67 – Embryonic Induction with Spemann Experiments
- 4.78 – Aging | Signs of Aging | Causes of Aging | Gerontology and its Scope
- 4.89 – Regeneration of Lost Organs
- 4.910 – Abnormal Development | Teratology
- Chapter 20 Chromosomes and DNA13
- 5.01 – Chromosomes and DNA | Types of Chromosomes | Composition of Chromosomes
- 5.12 – The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
- 5.23 – DNA as Hereditary Material | Proof by Griffith, Avery, Macleod, McCarty, Hershey & Chase Experiments
- 5.34 – Chemical Nature of DNA
- 5.45 – Watson and Crick Model of DNA | Double Helical Structure of DNA
- 5.56 – Replication of DNA | Meselson and Stahl Experiment
- 5.67 – DNA Replication | Replication Process
- 5.78 – What is a Gene? | One Gene/One Polypeptide Hypothesis | How DNA encodes for Proteins?
- 5.89 – Central Dogma | Gene Expression | Transcription and Translation | Three Types RNA
- 5.910 – Transcription
- 5.1011 – Genetic Code
- 5.1112 -Translation | Gene Expression
- 5.1213 – Mutations | Chromosomal Aberration | Point Mutations
- Chapter 21 Cell Cycle6
- 6.01 – Cell Cycle | Interphase | Mitotic Phase | Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis
- 6.12 – Importance of Mitosis | Cancer Uncontrolled Cell Division
- 6.23 – Meiosis I and II | Cell Cycle
- 6.34 – Importance of Meiosis
- 6.45 – Meiotic Errors | Down’s Syndrome | Klinefelter’s Syndrome | Turner’s Syndrome
- 6.56 – Necrosis and Apoptosis
- Chapter 22 Variation and Genetics17
- 7.01 – Genes and Alleles | Genotype and Phenotype | Jumping Genes | Gregor Mendel
- 7.12 – Law of Segregation | Mendelian Genetics
- 7.23 – Law of Independent Assortment
- 7.34 – ABO Blood Group System | First Discovered Multiple Allelic Blood Group System | Multile Alleles
- 7.45 – Rh Blood Group Blood Group System | Erythroblastosis Foetalis
- 7.56 – Epistasis | Bombay Phenotype | Pleiotropy
- 7.67 – Genetic Details of Polygenic Traits, Height Weight Genius & Color Traits of Man
- 7.78 – Continuous and Discontinuous Variations, Polygenes, Polygenic Traits
- 7.89 – Gene Linkage and Crossing Over
- 7.910 – Sex Determination, Sex Chromosomes, Autosomes, Genetics
- 7.1011 – Sex Linkage | Sex Linkage in Drosophila | Why Drosophila was selected as genetic studies?
- 7.1112 – Sex Linkage in Drosophila | Thomas Hunt Morgan’s Experiments
- 7.1213 – Genetics of Haemophilia | Sex Linkage in Humans
- 7.1314 – Dominance Relations | Complete Dominance | Incomplete Dominance | Codominance | Over Dominance
- 7.1415 – Genetics of Color Blindness | Testicular Feminization Syndrome
- 7.1516 – X-Linked Dominant Traits | Y-Linked Traits | Sex Limited Traits | Sex Influenced Traits
- 7.1617 – Diabetes Mellitus and its Genetic Basis
6 – Replication of DNA | Meselson and Stahl Experiment
Replication of DNA | Meselson and Stahl Experiment Class 12 Biology
In this video lecture Replication of DNA is defined. Three hypotheses of DNA replication the semi conservative model, conservative model and disperssive model are explained. In the second part of lecture Meselson Stahl Experiment of DNA replication is elaborated. Meselson Stahl Experiment confirms the semi conservative model of DNA replication.